At the beginning we would like to define the term Gynaecology and Obstetrics: It is a science that means and cares about the reproductive system of women and all that is related to pregnancy and childbirth.
-Women pass through a lot of hormonal changes throughout their lives, during which they may face some problems. These changes include: the menstrual cycle phase, pregnancy, childbirth and reaching menopause. These changes must be considered by Gynaecologist when they are examined.
-It is common for women to go for medical examination and follow up with a gynaecologist during pregnancy and childbirth only. But it is, of course, a misconception. As there is a need for regular medical examination and follow-up with the gynaecologist, especially when abnormal gynaecological symptoms arise, as there are many gynaecological diseases that may occur to the woman during her life away from pregnancy and childbirth.
These gynaecological diseases need early detection, as early screening and diagnosis facilitates treatment and leads to high healing proportions, God willing.
-Women's diseases often affect women psychology as it causes a lot of distress and discomfort to them, whether they are single or married, and may cause a lot of embarrassment in the case of a married woman and may affect the sexual relationship. It is, therefore, necessary to treat any woman problem that appears on the lady and not to ignore it.
* Women's diseases include:
1-Vaginal diseases:
Symptoms of vaginal diseases:
These symptoms may indicate a single vaginal problem or several problems together. These include:
-Severe pain during sexual relationship and intercourse.
-Vaginal discharge of different colours, odour and severity degree.
-Itching in the vaginal area.
-Frequent pain in the lower abdominal area.
-Lack of comfort while sitting.
Diagnosis of vaginal diseases:
Vaginal diseases are diagnosed by hand examination of the specialist after taking the patient's history and accurate details of the patient's complaint.
Types of vaginal diseases:
-Vaginal yeast infection.
-Genital herpes.
-Bacterial vaginal inflammation.
-Vaginismus.
-Vaginal Gonorrhea.
-Vaginal Prolapse.
Treatment of vaginal diseases:
Treatment is prescribed by the type and severity of the problem and in most cases, anti-fungal medications, whether tablets, creams or vaginal suppositories, are prescribed. Some cases require all forms of treatment at the same time.
The treatment period varies from 7 days to 3 weeks depending on the case.
Some cases require antibiotic treatment.
* In case of vaginal prolapse: treatment is done by practising some exercises and sometimes, surgical intervention is needed.
* In the case of vaginismus: The patient needs some Aesthetic gynaecological procedures such as vaginal Botox injections, which we will later discuss in details.
2-Ovarian diseases:
A-Polycystic ovarian Syndrome:
It is one of the most prominent gynaecological diseases. It results in hormonal changes. Causes menstrual and ovulation disturbances and may cause delayed pregnancy and infertility.
This disease is associated with many symptoms such as menstrual disorders, excessive hair growth all over the body.
* Treatment includes:
-Hormonal medications for adjusting the menstrual cycle.
-Medications to induce the ovaries to help ovulation.
-Medications to reduce excess hair growth.
B-Ovarian cancer:
It is one of the most difficult cancers to detect because it rarely shows early symptoms. Unfortunately, symptoms occur after late stages of the disease and after its spread in the abdomen and pelvis.
Symptoms of ovarian cancer include:
-Noticeable weight loss.
-Bowel disorders.
-Swelling of the abdominal area.
-Discomfort in the pelvic area.
C-Ovarian inflammation:
Its symptoms include:
-A heavy and smelly vaginal discharge.
-Severe pain in the lower abdomen and pelvis.
-Pain during sexual intercourse.
-Abnormal bleeding.
D-Weak ovaries:
Where ovaries stop working normally before the age of 40. Some signs of ovarian impairment may occur, such as menopause before age 40 and menstrual disorders.
* Some cases with ovarian diseases and problems require surgical intervention by removing the ovary, whether one or both ovaries, which consequently affects the pregnancy chances.
3-Uterine diseases:
A-Uterine fibroids:
It causes menstrual disturbances, severe blood flow and severe back pain.
Treatment varies depending on the case, if it cause many problems, it is preferable to remove it, but if the symptoms are tolerable, preferably leave them and do not go for fibroidectomy.
B-Adenoids and uterine polyps:
It causes bleeding, especially between menstrual cycles, and may cause frequent abortions.
The Gynaecologist decides if it needs to be removed or can be left behind.
C-Thickness of Endometrium: which is treated with hormonal medications.
D-Uterine cancer: which is accompanied by severe bleeding and has many therapeutic methods.
E-Cervical viral infection.
F-cervical inflammations: which are treated with anti-fungal and antibiotic medications.
4-Fallopian tubes Disorders:
such as swelling and blockage of the fallopian tubes, which greatly affect the pregnancy and reduce its chance. causing delayed pregnancy.
5-Gynaecological diseases affecting adolescent girls:
1-The menstrual cycle disturbances which include pain during the menstruation and a disturbance in its dates.. which requires medical screening and examination to determine the appropriate treatment.
2-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: This is a problem that often accompanies obesity and weight gain.
3-Gynaecological infection diseases which can be prevented by good personal hygiene.
* How are Gynaecological diseases diagnosed?
Gynaecological diseases are diagnosed by:
-Hand examination of the Gynaecologist.
-Sonar.
-Vaginal Endoscopy (Colposcopy).
-Hysterscopy or Laparoscopy.
